Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

According to the papers published in this special issue, NAFLD is a serious problem, which each author from their own aspect tried to clarify. Regarding the fact that NAFLD is rarely isolated and that it is correlated with obesity, diabetes type 2, polycystic ovarian syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, and some cognitive deficits, its pathophysiology and clinical development require more investigations. Suggestions for the treatment by the implantation of the intragastric balloon must be considered as one of the treating solutions in the future

The therapy off Irritable Bowel Syndrome

USMF Nicolae Testemiţanu, catedra Medicina de Familie UMF Iu.Hatieganu, Cluj NapocaIrritable Bowel Syndrome is one of the most common pathological conditions. Despite progress in its knowledge of pathogenesis, large flaws still exist in our understanding of pharmacological action. This is a review of recent progress in the field of the therapy of irritable bowel syndrome. The now compounds acting on serotonine receptor did not keep promise. New therapies are under assessment, like psychotherapy or probiotics

Occurrence of Salmonella spp. in eggs from backyard chicken flocks in Portugal and Romania - results of a preliminary study

The aim of this study was to conduct a preliminary investigation on the occurrence of Salmonella spp. in eggs from chickens raised in backyards in Portugal and Romania. A lack of compliance with safety practices by chicken owners, was demonstrated, especially in Portugal, as 96% of the eggs were visibly dirty and 92.5% were stored at room temperature. In Romania the 202 analysed eggs were Salmonella free, whereas in Portugal six of the 200 eggs sampled were positive for Salmonella spp. (3%). A positive egg for Salmonella spp. was found in 10.7% of the 56 backyard flocks sampled in Portugal. One egg exhibited contamination both in the shellmembrane mixture and in its content, while in the remaining eggs, the pathogen was found either in the shellmembrane (n = 2) or in the yolk and white mixture (n = 3). The serotypes S. Typhimurium (with identical PFGE patterns) and S. Enteritidis were isolated from five eggs and one egg, respectively. Whilst S. Enteritidis was sensitive to the 14 antibiotics tested, S. Typhimurium isolates presented divergent antimicrobial resistant phenotypes and three were classified as multi-drug resistant.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Personality: Pathogenetic Factor in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

CNMS, Chisinau, USMF „Nicolae Testemiteanu”, UMF Iuliu Haţieganu Cluj, Clinica Medicală IIPsychological factors can be involved in the onset and development of diseases. Knouwledge about the psychosocial aspects of the functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) is important in understanding their pathogenesis and treatment. FGIDs result from interactions of biological, psychological and social factors. This paper reviews current the psychosocial factors involved in FGIDs. Există numeroşi factori de personalitate care pot influenţa debutul şi evoluţia bolilor. Cunoaşterea rolului aspectelor psihosociale în tulburările funcţionale gastrointestiale (TFGI) este importantă pentru înţelegerea patogenezei lor şi abordărilor de tratament eficiente. TFGI rezultă din interacţiunea factorilor biologici, psihologici şi sociali. Acest articol descrie factorii psihosociali implicaţi în TFGI

Mattrygghet i Europa: en kartlegging av kritiske matpraksiser og kulturelle forskjeller i Frankrike, Norge, Portugal, Romania og Storbritannia

How is food handled in safe and unsafe ways from retail to fork in European households? This is the overall research question raised in this report. The aim of this report is to contribute to an in-depth, detailed, empirical and nuanced analysis of how food is handled in everyday life in five European countries: France, Norway, Portugal, Romania and the UK. The first chapters (Part 1) describe the food cultural difference and food safety variation between the five countries, theories of practices that underpin the study and the transdisciplinary methods employed for studying shopping, transportation, storage and cooking a meal with chicken and raw vegetables in 75 European households. The first empirical chapters (Part 2) introduce the households in this study (chapter 2.1), discuss the everyday food life the households (chapter 2.2) and describe food anxieties and experiences with foodborne illnesses (chapter 2.3). Part 3 concentrates on food procuring and organising practices in the households and includes three empirical discussions of shopping (chapter 3.1), transportation (chapter 3.2) and storage (chapter 3.3). Part 4 discusses food preparation and comprises five chapters discussing the order of cooking (chapter 4.1), chicken preparation (chapter 4.2), vegetable preparation (chapter 4.3), determining doneness (chapter 4.4) and washing hands (chapter 4.5). Finally, Part 5 discusses the main findings in the report and suggests further research steps.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Ancient pigs reveal a near-complete genomic turnover following their introduction to Europe

Archaeological evidence indicates that pig domestication had begun by ∼10,500 y before the present (BP) in the Near East, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) suggests that pigs arrived in Europe alongside farmers ∼8,500 y BP. A few thousand years after the introduction of Near Eastern pigs into Europe, however, their characteristic mtDNA signature disappeared and was replaced by haplotypes associated with European wild boars. This turnover could be accounted for by substantial gene flow from local European wild boars, although it is also possible that European wild boars were domesticated independently without any genetic contribution from the Near East. To test these hypotheses, we obtained mtDNA sequences from 2,099 modern and ancient pig samples and 63 nuclear ancient genomes from Near Eastern and European pigs. Our analyses revealed that European domestic pigs dating from 7,100 to 6,000 y BP possessed both Near Eastern and European nuclear ancestry, while later pigs possessed no more than 4% Near Eastern ancestry, indicating that gene flow from European wild boars resulted in a near-complete disappearance of Near East ancestry. In addition, we demonstrate that a variant at a locus encoding black coat color likely originated in the Near East and persisted in European pigs. Altogether, our results indicate that while pigs were not independently domesticated in Europe, the vast majority of human-mediated selection over the past 5,000 y focused on the genomic fraction derived from the European wild boars, and not on the fraction that was selected by early Neolithic farmers over the first 2,500 y of the domestication process

GASTRO-OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE: WHAT IS KNOWN, WHERE DO WE GO?

The gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common clinical condition that physicians can manage in most cases and sometimes even the patients treat themselves. But not all forms of gastroesophageal reflux are so typical, and some recently described forms are ignored by healthcare providers. New studies on functional reflux showed that not onlz acid exposure may produce symptoms, but visceral hypersensitivity as well: in this case, antacid therapy is not useful. This paper is an update on the gastroesophageal reflux disease

THE LINK BETWEEN FOOD, PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS AND SUFFERING

The quality of life of each individual is reflected in his/her well-being state, capacity of copig, satisfaction and happiness. Health is a complex notion involving physical, psychological and social wellbeing and a balance beween the aspirations and the achievements of each person. To this, one should ad biological factors: morphological, functional homeostasy as well as the psychological factors: emotions, cognitions and behavioral factors. By specific physyiological processes, food and its ingestion is also very important in maintaining the health and a high quality of life. The quality of the animal food eaten depends on its production procedures including feeding and treating the animals. The value of vegetal food depends on the geographic provenance and also on production style: intensive or biological. The consumption of the food and its perception depend on the palatability of the meals. The eating environement is also important: eating alone or with the family, in the presence of music or noise, in hurry or not etc. Mass-media has an important role in the development of eating behaviors. Listening to music or even by music sung or played by a certain performer, or association of drinks may improve hedonistic expectancies. This is a review on the connection between food, psychosocial factors and disease